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Online ISSN 2288-5978
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Online ISSN 2288-5978
Ex) Article Title, Author, Keywords
, You-Rim Min, Jin-Kyung Nam, and Hae Won Jang Sesame is a highly nutritious oil crop. Sesame meal is a by-product of sesame seed during oil extraction process. The by-product has high functional and nutritional value. However, while a part of it is utilized as animal feed or fertilizer, most of it is discarded. From the economic and ecological perspectives, the conversion of sesame meal into high-value bioactive compounds has been receiving attention from scientific and commercial entities. This study investigated the physiological activities of the components of sesame meal, a natural by-product of sesame oil extraction. It contains most of the nutrients of sesame seeds, is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and therefore contains significant amounts of oleic acid and linoleic acid, which lower cholesterol. Sesame meal also contains a large amount of protein. In addition, it contains flavonoids with a hepatoprotective effect, phenol and lignan compounds with antioxidant effects, and various minerals. It can also be used in the management of obesity and related conditions and has antidepressant and antidiabetic effects. The main volatile compounds of sesame meal include pyrazines, furans, pyrroles, thiazoles, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols. Among these, the pyrazines and furans generated through the roasting process are highly preferred by consumers. Hence, foods prepared with the addition of sesame meal are expected to have improved consumer preference. Thus, the use of sesame meal, the nutritionally excellent natural waste of sesame, appears to be meaningful from environmental and nutritional perspectives. It has the potential to be used as food with economic benefits and in improving health.Key words : sesame meal, sesame, by-product, lignan, antioxidants
, Woon Sang Hwang, Wha Young Lee, Jeanman Kim, Sang Jong Lee, and Sung Phil Kim Brown seaweeds harvested from the ocean are widely consumed in Asian countries as health-promoting medicinal foods. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-allergic effects of a new functional food produced by bioprocessing edible algae Ecklonia cava and Ecklonia stolonifera, which are edible, perennial, widely distributed brown marine algae rich in polyphenols, including dieckol. Therefore, we investigated the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of E. cava (EC), E. stolonifera (ES), fermented E. cava (FEC), and fermented E. stolonifera (FES). We also confirmed that EC, FEC, ES, and FES could activate macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the FEC and FES treatments inhibited thymic stromal lymphopoietin production, degranulation, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) production in mast cells and B cells. Taken together, FEC and FES are substances that can be used effectively for various allergic reactions, not only because of their antioxidant and anti-allergic activities, but also because of the additional IgE production inhibitory activity resulting from bioprocessing.Key words : Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia stolonifera, bioconversion, antioxidant, anti-allergic
and Eui-Hong Byun The larvae of edible insects, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, contain various amino acids and have gained attention as bioactive materials. In this study, the protective effect of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae on heart-derived H9C2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress was investigated. H9C2 cells treated with Protaetia brevitarsis larval extract (PBLE) exhibited increased antioxidant activity, protecting the cells from oxidative stress. This protection was achieved through inhibition of the apoptosis programs involving intracellular B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 family proteins and the intra- and extracellular pathways. Additionally, the cells were safeguarded via antioxidant signaling pathways. These results indicate that PBLE protects cardiomyocytes by suppressing oxidative stress.Key words : Protaetia brevitarsis larvae, apoptosis, cell injury, edible insect, oxidative stress
, Sang Yoon Choi , and Yu Geon Lee In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effect of Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mouse models. In the in vivo model, R. sativus water extract (RSWE) intake for 8 weeks effectively prevented body weight gain and fat accumulation in the adipose tissues. Specifically, the size of the adipocytes from the epididymal white adipose tissue was significantly reduced by the RSWE intake compared to the high-fat diet-only group. Additionally, the RSWE intake effectively inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The inhibitory effect of RSWE on lipid accumulation is associated with the down-regulation of adipogenesis-related protein expression, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, we found that RSWE is composed of abundant polysaccharides (869.55 μg GE/mg dried weight) and contains glucosinolates, including sulforaphane-type compounds. Based on these results, our findings suggest that RSWE contains bioactive compounds and could be a potential material for anti-obesity treatments.Key words : Raphanus sativus, high-fat diet, obesity, 3T3-L1, adipogenesis
and Min-Yu Chung This study investigated the inhibitory effect of lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related mechanisms of the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-related minerals (manganese [Mn], zinc, and copper). During the differentiation process of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Mn was shown to most effectively inhibit lipid accumulation. We examined the inhibitory effect of intracellular ROS generation and its related mechanisms to determine the influence of the antioxidant mechanisms on adipogenesis and lipogenesis. The results showed that the Mn treatment inhibited intracellular ROS generation by inducing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 during adipocyte differentiation, thereby inducing the expression and activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as Mn-SOD. Finally, Mn significantly regulated the adipogenesis-related protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results suggest the potential of Mn as an effective mineral for obesity prevention through the regulation of ROS production.Key words : manganese, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant, adipogenesis, 3T3-L1
, Sang-Mi Kang, and Somi LeeIn this study, the radical scavenging and protective immune response activities of hot-water (FCFH) and stirring-water (FCFS) extracts of the Ficus carica fruit were evaluated. The properties of the extracts were measured with respect to their phenolic components, radical scavenging properties, immune cytokine expression levels, and mucine mRNA expression on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of HT-29 cells. The FCFH exhibited higher levels of total phenolic and flavonoid components compared to the FCFS. The FCFH had relatively higher radical scavenging capability as assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays as compared to the FCFS. The FCFH modulated the level of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and cyclooxygenase-2 in the HT-29 cells. Also, mucin 2 and mucin 5AC, protector proteins of the gut barrier and regulators of intestinal homeostasis, were up-regulated by the FCFH treatment of the HT-29 cells. These results indicate that the FCFH exerts immunostimulation and barrier gene expression in LPS-induced inflammation of human colon HT-29 cells. These findings may provide a scientific basis for investigating the protective immune response to the inflammation human intestine cells.Key words : Ficus carica fruit extract, immunostimulatory, antioxidant, HT-29 cell, cytokine
, Ji-Eun Kim , Seo-Young Lee, and Mi-Ja Kim Garlic skin is an agricultural by-product generated during the garlic harvesting process, and has been regarded as a waste material. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity and anti-obesity effects of ethanol extracts of garlic skin subjected to heat treatment at 0°C (0-GSE), 140°C (140-GSE), 170°C (170-GSE), and 200°C (200-GSE). As the heat treatment temperature of the garlic skin increased to 200°C, the antioxidant activity also increased. Fat accumulation was significantly inhibited by 22% at 75 μg/mL of 140-GSE in 3T3-L1 adipocyte compared to the adipocytes (AD) group. The 100 μg/mL 140-GSE treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes significantly decreased the expression level of genes related to adipogenic differentiation, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (pparγ), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-α (c/ebp-α), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (srebp-1c), adipocyte protein 2 (ap2), fatty acid synthase (fas), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (scd1) by 47%, 54%, 58%, 84%, 66%, and 78%, respectively compared to the AD group. In addition, the expression levels of proteins related to adipogenic differentiation, such as PPARγ, C/EBP-α, SREBP-1C, AP2, FAS, and SCD1 were significantly reduced by 62%, 18%, 25%, 87%, 55%, and 62%, respectively, compared to the AD group. In conclusion, the antioxidative and anti-obesity effects of heat-treated garlic skin ethanol extract were observed, confirming its potential as a sustainable functional material.Key words : 3T3-L1, anti-obesity, antioxidant activity, garlic skin, heat treatment
and Kwang-Soon Shin This study examined the macrophage-stimulating effects and signaling mechanisms of immune-active polysaccharide (BCE-0) prepared from broccoli. BCE-0 is a typical pectic polysaccharide composed of neutral sugars (57.7%), such as galactose (19.2%), rhamnose (14.4%), arabinose (12.2%), and uronic acid (34.9%). BCE-0 enhanced cell proliferation and increased the secretion of cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide (NO), in a dose-dependent manner. BCE-0 induced the phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)- and NF-κB-related proteins, such as p38. JNK, ERK, IκBα, p65, and c-Jun. In specific inhibitor experiments, the effects of BCE-0 on IL-6 secretion were mostly promoted by NF-κB. Furthermore, different inhibitors showed that NO secretion was mostly induced via p38, JNK, and NF-κB. These findings suggest that BCE-0 exerts potent macrophage-activating effects and activates the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in macrophages, leading to the secretion of IL-6 and NO.Key words : broccoli, cytokines, macrophages, polysaccharide, signaling
, Yu-Jin Lee , and Mina K. Kim This study investigated the physicochemical quality characteristics and enzymatic activities of soy sauce mash made from traditional and commercial meju. The color values, moisture content, acid value, salinity, pH, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, NH2-N content, total/reducing sugar content, alcohol content, α-/β-amylase activity, and acidic/neutral protease activity were analyzed using standardized methods from the Korean Food Code. Soy sauce mashes were fermented for 60 days. Significant differences were observed as the aging period increased. Also, a significant difference was observed between the soy sauce mash made from traditional meju and that made from commercial meju. Findings from this study can provide baseline information regarding the physicochemical properties and enzymatic activities of soy sauce mash produced from traditional and commercial meju.Key words : fermentation, soy sauce mash, physicochemical characteristics, enzymatic activities, fermenting period
, Jiye Pyeon , Yoonjeong Kim , Eunji Park , Jinju Park , Youngmin Choi , and Younghwa Kim Biotin, a water-soluble vitamin, is a member of the B complex and performs important biochemical functions in living cells. In this study, the biotin content of various agro-food resources consumed domestically in Korea was quantified using immunoaffinity column/high-performance liquid chromatography. The linearity of the biotin standard was R2=0.9999 or higher, thus showing excellent linearity. The limits of detection and quantification of biotin were 0.009 and 0.023 μg/mL, respectively. The samples used in this study were a total of 104 types of agricultural products, including 53 types of vegetables, 11 types of mushrooms, 9 types of seeds, 19 types of fruits, and 12 types of seasoning foods and other foods. Among the vegetables, dried radish leaf (6.692±0.018 μg/100 g) showed the highest biotin content, and the biotin content of vegetables generally decreased after boiling and blanching. Among the fruits, the Wolha variety of persimmons had the highest biotin content (1.901±0.022 μg/100 g). Specifically, mulberry leaf powder showed the highest biotin content (34.277±0.364 μg/100 g) among all the samples in this study. These results provide reliable data on the biotin content of frequently consumed agro-foods in Korea.Key words : agro-food, biotin, immunoaffinity column, method validation, HPLC
and Hong-Sun Yook This study investigated the antioxidant activity [total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) value, and reducing power] and fermentation characteristics of yam fermented with various beneficial microorganisms (SC: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, BS: Bacillus subtilis, LB: Levilactobacillus brevis, LC: Lacticaseibacillus casei, LP: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum). Hot-air-dried yam was fermented with various microorganisms for 24 hours, and the activity before and after fermentation was compared. The yields of yam fermented by SC, BS, LB, LC, and LP were 58.91%, 66.16%, 64.21%, 60.79%, and 68.44%, respectively. Fermented yam exhibited greater antioxidant activity than the non-fermented groups with respect to total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP value, and reducing power, except for the total flavonoid content and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Among the samples, the SC fermentation group showed the highest activity with respect to total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP value, and reducing power. These results suggest that yam fermentation with microorganisms improves diverse physiological activities, and this fermented yam could be developed as a functional material or food. Therefore, fermenting yam with SC could significantly enhance the utilization value of yam across various industries.Key words : Dioscorea japonica Thunb., microorganism, fermentation, antioxidant
, Ye Jin Kyung, Yeon Jae Jo, Yun Jo Jung, Se Gu Hwang, Yoon Sup So, Jun Soo Lee, and Heon Sang Jeong This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of waxy corn cultivated in the Chungbuk region. The moisture, crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein contents ranged from 7.30∼8.81%, 1.18∼1.63%, 4.78∼5.87%, and 10.07∼11.84%, respectively, with no significant differences between the cultivars. The total sugar content was the lowest in Daehak waxy corn at 7.70%, and the highest in Saengmyeong waxy corn at 14.24%. The starch content ranged from 63.23 (Taeyang)∼67.10% (Ilmi), and the amylose content was the highest in Saengmyeong waxy corn at 12.85%. Among the fatty acid contents, linoleic acid was the highest in the range of 35.86∼40.41%, followed by oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. The hardness ranged from 1,115.70 (Daehak)∼1,600.13 g (Saengmyeong). The peak viscosity of the starch content was in the range of 202.00∼214.03 rapid viscosity units (RVU), with Taeyang waxy corn having the highest viscosity. The setback was highest in Saengmyeong waxy corn at 24.61 RVU. These results showed that there was no significant difference in the physicochemical characteristics of the waxy corn cultivars. However, Taeyang waxy corn was considered an economical cultivar due to its low starch content and high sugar content, and because it could be harvested in two ears.Key words : waxy corn, physicochemical properties, starch, pasting properties, amylopectin
Jae In Jung , Hyun Sook Lee , Ryong Kim , and Eun Ji Kim
2023; 52(5): 460-472
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2023.52.5.460
Xuemei Lee , Geun-Hye Hong , So-Young Lee , Hyun Chul Noh, and Kun-Young Park
2022; 51(11): 1119-1128
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.11.1119
JaeHee Kwon , Hyun-Ju Seo , In-Sook Kwun , Moon-Chang Baek , and Young-Eun Cho
2022; 51(11): 1158-1165
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.11.1158
Hyun-Woong Choi , Seong-Eun Park , and Hong-Seok Son
2023; 52(2): 223-229
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2023.52.2.223
Eunjeong Seong , Hyeonjeong Choe, Huijin Heo, Hana Lee, Mansu Kim, Younghwa Kim, Heon Sang Jeong, and Junsoo Lee
2022; 51(12): 1259-1265
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.12.1259
Xuemei Lee , Geun-Hye Hong , So-Young Lee , Hyun Chul Noh, and Kun-Young Park
2022; 51(11): 1119-1128
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.11.1119
Print ISSN 1226-3311
Online ISSN 2288-5978
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