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, Sang Duk Yoon , Jieun Shin , Jihyun Kim, and Sang Hoon Lee The AI-based precision nutrition for health (PNH) or personalized nutrition for health (PNH) system as healthcare platform business is expanding due to the paradigm shift from disease treatment to prevention along with the development of related technology, big data and artificial intelligence (AI). In the Covid-19 era, we have learned that AI-based healthcare system is considered the first defensive line for population. The healthcare platform has good chance of success since its service is highly related to the national health promotion to prevent disease. However, to establish successful platform, we need more government support in such areas as a control tower for the database (DB) sharing and verification, investment on research infrastructure to build the clinical data for Koreans, and training for multidisciplinary experts. This review is the first report to emphasize the necessity of the AI-based PNH as healthcare platform. We suggest the future direction or research guidelines of healthcare platform development by considering merits and demerits of current healthcare systems in developed countries and proposing ways to improve them. Also, we prepare the future promising technology against fierce competition to build a DB sharing mechanism and to develop related contents and technologies.Key words :
, Seong-Eun Park , and Hong-Seok Son In the majority of food research studies, sample colors are presented as CIE L*a*b* values. However, it is difficult to estimate the original colors of food samples directly using L*a*b* values. In this study, color images were obtained using a conversion program (Adobe color web tool) to check colors derived using a colorimeter. In addition, the suitability of a cell phone camera as a food color measurement tool was investigated by comparing its results with those obtained using a colorimeter. An initial examination showed that the L*a*b* values of five random colors measured using the colorimeter and cell phone corresponded well with original colors. However, the L*a*b* values of kimchi stems, kimchi soup, banana, and makgeolli obtained using the cell phone were higher than those obtained using the colorimeter, and surprisingly, the cell phone was found to reflect the original colors of 20 food samples better than the colorimeter. Although color measurements obtained using a cell phone camera are not suitable for precise measurements, a cell phone camera might be useful when professional colorimetry equipment is unavailable. This study is meaningful because it suggests a new method for directly presenting color images.Key words :
and Soyeon KimThe quality characteristics, physiologically bioactive substance content, and antioxidant activity of different color cherry tomatoes (red, orange, yellow, and green) were measured. The moisture, crude protein, and crude fat contents of cherry tomatoes obtained were in the range 92.38∼93.34%, 0.14∼0.16%, and 0.04∼0.06%, respectively, with no difference observed according to color. Sugar content was the highest for red tomatoes (7.50 Brix) and the lowest for green tomatoes (5.80 Brix). The green tomato had the lowest pH of 4.14 and the highest acidity (0.42). Brightness (L*) was the highest in yellow tomatoes and lowest in red tomatoes. The highest values for redness and yellowness were obtained for red and yellow tomatoes, respectively. The tomato color had no effect on the total polyphenol content, but was relatively high in yellow tomato (344.19 μg GAE/g). The total flavonoid content of cherry tomatoes ranged between 62.37∼100.49 μg QE/g and showed the highest value (100.49 μg) in yellow cherry tomatoes. Lycopene was the highest in red tomatoes, and β-carotene was the highest in orange tomatoes. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 77.39∼78.07% and 64.08∼65.24%, respectively, showing no significant difference between the colors. Taken together, the above results show that contents of flavonoids and carotenoids differed in cherry tomatoes depending on the color, but the overall antioxidant activity was high, irrespective of color.Key words :
, Hyeonjeong Choe, Huijin Heo, Hana Lee, Mansu Kim, Younghwa Kim, Heon Sang Jeong, and Junsoo Lee The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. APE exerted significant dose-dependent protective effect against H2O2-induced cell damage in C2C12 cells without cytotoxicity. The cells treated with APE concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL had significantly lower reactive oxygen species (by 13.1%, 14.4%, and 17.3%, respectively) and malondialdehyde levels (by 23.3%, 33.4%, and 54.5%, correspondingly) than H2O2-treated cells. The H2O2 treatment decreased the content of glutathione (GSH), but the treatment with APE neutralized that adverse effect, increasing significantly GSH levels. In addition, we confirmed that H2O2 treatment of myotube cultures increased their lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities, which are indicators of muscle damage. However, in the experimental myotube cultures, APE treatment significantly inhibited the LDH and CK activities, which were lower than those in the H2O2-treated mypotubes. In conclusion, APE treatment is of considerable significance as a therapy than can improve sarcopenia by attenuating oxidative stress in muscle cells.Key words :
, Geun-Hye Hong , So-Young Lee , Hyun Chul Noh, and Kun-Young Park The anti-obesity effects of dead Lactobacillus plantarum nF1 (nLp), live Lactobacillus plantarum pF1 (pLp), or live Lactobacillus plantarum PNU (PNU) were studied on C57BL/6 mice fed a 45% high-fat diet. The body, liver, and epididymal fat weights of mice fed nLp were significantly lower than those of mice in the pLp, PNU, or control groups (P<0.05). Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels were significantly lower in the nLp, pLp, or PNU groups than in control, and these levels were significantly lower in the nLp group than in the pLp and PNU groups (P<0.05). On the other hand, adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the nLp group than in the pLp, PNU, and control groups. Histological observations indicated that nLp reduced fat accumulation in liver tissue. Furthermore, L. plantarum strains significantly reduced the mRNA expressions of SREBP-1c, increased the mRNA levels of PPAR-α, CPT-1, and ACO in liver tissues, and significantly increased the mRNA levels of PPAR-α, and CPT-1 in epididymal fat tissues. In particular, the mRNA expressions of PPAR-α and CPT-1 in liver and epididymal fat tissues were highest in the nLp group. These results suggest that nLp (dead L. plantarum) has a greater anti-obesity effect on high-fat diet-induced mice than the live strain (pLp) and a live L. plantarum PNU strain.Key words :
and Seok-Kyu Park This study investigated the in vitro antioxidant activities of Curcuma longa L. extracts obtained using different solvents (ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, hexane, and water). We determined that the total polyphenol contents of the 80% ethanol extract and hexane fraction were 192.96 mg GAE/g and 271.60 mg GAE/g, respectively, which were higher than other fractions such as chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. In addition, the total flavonoid content was as high as 392.98 and 390.74 mg QE/g in the butanol and hexane fractions, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were significantly higher and similar to the positive control (ascorbic acid) in the butanol fraction (93.05% and 91.31%, respectively). Moreover, the highest reducing power was obtained in the butanol fraction. Overall, the 80% ethanol extract and butanol fraction from Curcuma longa L. showed high total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities. Taken together, our results indicate the potential of Curcuma longa L. to be used as a new functional food ingredient with strong antioxidant activity, and its application as functional health food material.Key words :
, Eun-young Kim, Seong Uk Lee, Young Wan Kim, and Yoon Hee Kim Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb is known to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to reveal the effect of the water extract and 70% ethanol (70% EtOH) extract of Euonymus alaltus in INS-1 cells (pancreatic beta cell line) and C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice (type 2 diabetes models). The water extract significantly increased the proliferation of INS-1 cells. However, the extracts of Euonymus alatus water and 70% EtOH had no effect on increasing the insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. In the animal model of type 2 diabetes, the extracts of Euonymus alatus water and 70% EtOH decreased the water intake and effectively increased the pancreatic insulin concentration. Furthermore, exposure to the 70% EtOH extract resulted in decreasing the plasma triglycerides. These data indicate that the extracts of Euonymus alatus water and 70% EtOH exert a partial anti-diabetic effect.Key words :
and Seong-Jun Cho Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) vegetable by-products (BVBs) from the food industry account for 20∼50% of the initial weight of Brassicaceae vegetables. BVBs contain bioactive substances such as polyphenols and glucosinolates, with high antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and antioxidant properties of BVB. Antioxidant properties were assessed using the total polyphenol contents (TPCs), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Mineral contents were also measured. The ethanolic extract of broccoli by-products had the highest antioxidant capacity as determined by TPC (88.78±1.89 mg GAE/100 g), DPPH radical scavenging activity (91.52±1.59 mg TE/100 g), and FRAP (70.70±2.30 mg TE/100 g) results. However, the water extract of Chinese cabbage by-products had the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity (63.77±0.75 mg TE/100 g). This study demonstrates that extracts of cabbage, Chinese cabbage, and broccoli by-products could be used as new bioactive food materials.Key words :
and Inhwa Han This study examined the distribution of subjects in three groups, namely normal (0), caution (1∼2), and metabolic syndrome (MS) (≥3), based on the number of diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome. The data was sourced from the eighth (2019) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Elevated blood pressure occurred most frequently in caution group and three-combined cases were the most frequent in MS group. In males, older subjects and those with lower education levels were in higher numbers in MS group. Higher frequencies of eating breakfast and eating out decreased the probability of being in MS group, and smoking increased this probability in total. Males consuming alcohol more than five times per month showed the highest probability of belonging to MS group, but in females, this was true of those drinking less than once a month. An increase in body mass index and a higher waist circumference increased the probability of being in MS group in both males and females. Subjects with higher blood pressure, blood glucose, and triglyceride, and lower HDL-cholesterol showed a higher probability of being in MS group. The intake of vegetables was the highest in MS group for both males and females and that of fruits was the highest for females in caution group. The intakes of meats and beverages were the lowest in MS group. In conclusion, health behavior and food intake are related to MS and therefore the improvement in these behaviors is needed to reduce the risk of MS.Key words :
This study was undertaken to provide basic data for revitalizing the market and help increase the demand for sleep-improving health functional foods by identifying factors that influence the purchase intention of these products. This was a nationwide consumer survey study. Data were collected through an online self-report questionnaire from August 24 to August 31, 2021, for adults aged 19 years and over. Age (P=0.005), household income (P=0.001), the expectation of effect (PKey words :
, Youngmin Choi, Minjoo Gu, Seungjoo Baik, Jeehye Sung, Heon Sang Jeong, and Junsoo Lee Reliable analytical data of the vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone) contents of commonly consumed foods in Korea is lacking in Korean food composition databases. In this study, we determined the phylloquinone and menaquinone contents of various Korean food groups. The vitamin K content of the samples was determined by either solvent extraction or enzyme extraction, followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection. A total number of 12 nuts, 13 eggs, 28 meats, 18 seasonings, and 65 vegetables were analyzed. Relatively higher amounts of vitamin K1 were detected in plant-derived foods, such as seasoned pecan (13.55 μg/100 g), pepper (228.75 μg/100 g), and basil leaves (575.34 μg/100 g), among nuts, vegetables, and seasonings, respectively. Vitamin K2 was abundant in animal-based foods such as duck egg yolk (59.58 μg/100 g) and roasted beef rectum (32.69 μg/100 g) in the groups of eggs and meats, respectively. The present study provides reliable analytical vitamin K values that can be used for the development of a Korean food composition database.Key words :
, Hyun Cheol Jeong , Sung-Jin Lee , and Seunghun Lee Acetaldehyde is a toxic metabolite of alcohol that causes the typical symptoms of alcohol-induced hangovers, namely headaches, lethargy, and vomiting. Alcohol is metabolized by several pathways. The most common of these pathways involves two enzymes-alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which help break the alcohol molecule into acetaldehyde, for elimination from the body, which breaks into acetate molecule form. Garlic is known to have several health benefits, including cholesterol-lowering and liver protective effects. This study aimed to prove that lactobacillus fermented garlic extract (LFGE) reduces hangovers through its action on enzyme activity. SD rats were administered LFGE after ethanol ingestion. There was no significant difference observed in the blood alcohol content post this treatment. However, acetaldehyde in the blood was reduced by the LFGE. It has been demonstrated that acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in SD rat liver tissue is affected by the enzyme activity of the garlic extract. These data demonstrate that LFGE could be used as a functional food that reduces symptoms of a hangover.Key words :
, Hyun-Ju Seo , In-Sook Kwun , Moon-Chang Baek , and Young-Eun Cho Osteoporosis, which is caused by the structural weakness of bone tissue, is a systemic skeletal disease that decreases bone mass and increases the risk of fractures. For the aging population, osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity and health expenditure. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential anti-osteoporotic properties of cow milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the differentiation and mineralization in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in 0, 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL cow milk-derived EVs for 3 and 7 days. It was observed that the average diameter of EVs from cow milk isolated by ultracentrifugation was 156±2.5 nm, and the presence of EV-associated marker protein CD63 and whey protein-specific marker lactoferrin was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. Our results determined that cow milk-derived EVs were increased osteoblastic cell proliferation and extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Markedly, cow milk-derived EVs were significantly elevated the mineralized nodules in a does dependent manner for 3 and 7 days. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrated that cow milk-derived EVs may be useful in preventing osteoporosis by stimulating osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization.Key words :
, Hyung Gu Son, So Hyuk Kim, Ki Won Lee, Jin Soo Kim, In Hwan Kim, Young Tae Koo, and Yoo-Hyun Lee Combinations of natural products have a number of benefits. We investigated the inhibitory effect of a combination of 50% ethanol extracts of Cervus elaphus antler (CEE), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GUE), and Angelica gigas (AGE) on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using BPH-1 cells and testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rats. The combination, called CGA113, inhibited cell proliferation by decreasing the cell viability of BPH-1 cells up to 72.03% more than the individual extracts. In addition, CGA113 significantly reduced the mRNA expressions of AR and SRD5A2 in BPH-1 cells. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to castration surgery to remove endogenous testosterone, and 3 mg/kg testosterone propionate was subcutaneously injected to induce BPH. Subsequently, CGA113 (50 and 200 mg/kg BW/day) was orally administered to the TP-induced BPH rats for 8 weeks. In the CGA113-H group (200 mg/kg of CGA113), the prostate ratio, serum DHT, prostate DHT, and prostate 5α-reductase2 were significantly decreased compared to the BPH group. Histology with H&E staining of the prostate tissue, revealed a reduction in the thickening of the prostate epithelial cells and enlargement of the lumen compared to the BPH group. The mRNA levels of the Bax/Bcl2 ratio in prostate tissue of the CGA113-H group were significantly increased. Overall, the combined extract of CEE, GUE, and AGE, was determined to exert synergistic effects, indicating the potential of the three natural materials as therapeutic agents for alleviation of BPH symptoms.Key words :
, Bon-Jae Gu , and Gi-Hyung Ryu The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of isolated rice protein addition on the physicochemical characteristics of a meat analog. Raw material ratios were isolated rice protein: isolated soy protein (0:50, 5:45, 10:40, 15:35) with comprising wheat gluten (40%) and corn starch (10%). Extrusion conditions maintained were barrel temperature 140°C, screw speed 250 rpm, feed rate 100 g/min, and moisture content 40%. The integrity index, degree of texturization, and chewiness of the meat analog were observed to increase with increasing isolated rice protein content (up to 10%). Moreover, the water holding capacity, springiness, and cohesiveness were decreased with an increaseing the isolated rice content (up to 10%). In conclusion, we determined that adding 5~10% isolated rice protein helps improve the texture properties, but 15% isolated rice protein decreases the formation of fibrous structures.Key words :
, Jung Hyun Seo, Dong Jae Won, Narae Han, Jin Young Lee, Mihyang Kim, Yu-Young Lee, and Moon Seok KangThis study investigated and compared the protein properties of different cultivars of soybean. The cultivars of soybean examined were Daewonkong (DWK), Miso (MS), Seonpung (SP), Saedanbaek (SDB), and Cheongja5ho (CJ5). The yield of protein extraction was the lowest in DWK (32.56%), followed sequentially by MS (40.79%), SP (44.68%), SDB (45.03%), and CJ5 (45.48%). The in vitro digestibility of SDB was the highest (88.19%). Analysis of the protein molecular weight pattern of the soybean cultivars using SDS-PAGE revealed that SDB differed from other cultivars in the ranges 0∼75 kD, 25∼37 kD, and 15∼20 kD. The β-conglycinin content of CJ5 was the highest (126.64 mg/g), whereas maximum glycinin content was obtained in the SDB cultivars (130.75 mg/g). The ratio of 11S/7S was highest in CJ5 (1.11) and the lowest in MS (0.61). The overall amino acid composition also showed a proportional tendency with the crude protein results. Compared to other cultivars, both SDB and MS showed a significantly higher composition of all essential amino acids, except for methionine. A similar trend was observed for non-essential amino acid contents of SDB and MS, showing high composition of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine. Considering the functional characteristics of SDB and MS, we propose that these cultivars have great potential value as materials to be used in the protein product industry.Key words :
, Hye-Lim Jang , and Jin-Sik Nam This study was undertaken to determine the nutritional value of ripe and unripe pawpaw (Asimina triloba [L.] Dunal) fruits grown in Korea, for their potential application in the food industry. As the fruit ripened, soluble solids increased from 8.32°Brix to 21.10°Brix, whereas the crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, carbohydrate, and dietary fiber contents decreased. The major free sugar detected in ripe fruit was sucrose. Most organic acids had significantly higher levels in the unripe fruit than the ripe fruit. Totally, 17 amino acids were detected in the pawpaw fruit. Compared to ripe fruits, the unripe fruits contained non-essential and other amino acids; however, the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was greater in ripe fruits. The mineral contents of the unripe fruit were higher than levels obtained in the ripe fruit for all the detected components (Ca, Fe, K, and Mg). The fatty acid composition of ripe fruits showed more diversity than unripe fruits; the major fatty acids detected were linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. The content of β-carotene was higher in ripe fruits, whereas vitamin C and E were higher in unripe fruits. Only vitamin B complex, B5, and B6 were detected, whereas B1, B2, B3, and B12 were not detected. Taken together, our results reveal that the diverse nutrients present in the pawpaw fruit, particularly in the unripe fruit, can be practically used in various food industries because of the higher nutritional value. Key words: pawpaw, Asimina triloba, fruit ripening, physicochemical properties, nutritive componentsKey words :
, Yeon Woo Jung, Yun-Hyeok Choi, Ji Eun Lee, Wonsik Jeong, Jung A Lee, Chun Whan Choi, Eun-Kyung Ahn, Yongmun Choi, and Seong Su Hong This study was undertaken to establish an analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC for the standard determination of resveratrol and trans-scirpusin A as functional ingredients in Smilax sieboldii extract. We evaluated the specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of various analytical methods for detecting resveratrol and trans-scirpusin A using HPLC. The specificity was confirmed by the chromatogram obtained using the HPLC analytical method. Also, the results of UV and the coefficient of correlation (R2) obtained was 0.999, which confirmed that this was a suitable analysis with high linearity. The LOD was 0.98, 0.49 μg/mL, and LOQ was 2.98, 1.48 μg/mL, which was confirmed as a suitable limit level for the analysis of resveratrol and trans-scirpusin A content in the S. sieboldii extract. The recovery of resveratrol and trans-scirpusin A content was determined to be 98.77±0.73∼99.24±1.47% and 98.45±1.18∼ 99.45±1.66%, respectively, indicating high accuracy. The intra-day repeatability and the intra-laboratory precision of the daily repetition were confirmed to be 0.67∼0.87%, 1.18∼1.33% and 0.93∼1.22%, 1.33∼2.27%, respectively, for trans-scirpusin A, for the relative standard deviation. These results indicate that the reported HPLC method is simple, reliable, and reproducible for the detection of resveratrol and trans-scirpusin A in S. sieboldii extract.Key words :
, Sang Yoon Choi, Jungseok Choi, Mina K. Kim, and Min Jung Kim Recently, cultured meat has been considered as an alternative food source. However, the commercialization of cultured meat essentially requires the development of serum-free or low-serum media that reduces production costs. This study aimed to discover a food-derived plant extract that can maintain cell proliferation in Hanwoo satellite cells (HWSC) subsequent to reducing the amount of fetal bovine serum (FBS) by half. Totally, 115 plants were extracted by ethanol and hot water. In the primary screening, compared with the control containing 20% FBS, the proliferation rate of HWSC was screened for 230 extracts treated in a medium containing 10% FBS for 6 days. Of the 230 extracts, four ethanol extracts and four hot water extracts showed proliferation rates similar to the control. In the secondary screening, these eight extracts were subjected to surface plasmon resonance to select the extracts that directly bind to MyoD and Pax7 proteins, which are involved in the proliferation of muscle satellite cells. Of these, Pyrus pyrifolia and Hordeum vulgare, were determined to bind directly to the MyoD and Pax7 proteins. The two extracts promoted HWSC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (25∼200 μg/mL) and exerted no negative effects on differentiation. Finally, the proliferation efficacy results were classified according to the extracted plant parts and the extraction methods. Three plant parts (the fruiting body, root, and stem) and the ethanol extraction method showed good proliferative efficacy. The results of this study can be used as basic data for research on the production of culture media for cultured meat.Key words :
, Min-Ah Kim, Ha Gyoon Na, SangGuan You, Ji-Eun Kim, and Mi-Ja Kim Cheonggukjang mucoid is typically composed of levan and polygamma glutamate (γ-PGA). In this study, we investigated the effect of levan and γ-PGA isolated from Cheonggukjang on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. At 200 μg/mL PL 64 [γ-PGA : levan (6:4)] significantly inhibited triglyceride accumulation in adipocytes by 23.7% compared to untreated adipocytes (PKey words :
Myoungsook Lee , Sang Duk Yoon , Jieun Shin , Jihyun Kim, and Sang Hoon Lee
2022; 51(9): 869-885
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.9.869
Jae In Jung , Hyun Sook Lee , Ryong Kim , and Eun Ji Kim
2023; 52(5): 460-472
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2023.52.5.460
Eun-Sun Hwang and Soyeon Kim
2022; 51(9): 924-932
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.9.924
Myoungsook Lee , Sang Duk Yoon , Jieun Shin , Jihyun Kim, and Sang Hoon Lee
2022; 51(9): 869-885
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.9.869
Hyun-Woong Choi , Seong-Eun Park , and Hong-Seok Son
2023; 52(2): 223-229
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2023.52.2.223
Eun-Sun Hwang and Soyeon Kim
2022; 51(9): 924-932
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.9.924
Print ISSN 1226-3311
Online ISSN 2288-5978
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