Ex) Article Title, Author, Keywords
Online ISSN 2288-5978
-
About
-
Articles
For Authors
Policy
Online ISSN 2288-5978
Ex) Article Title, Author, Keywords
All Articles
Most Downloaded
, So Yeon Kim, Young Nam Kim, Sung Don Yang, Wongyun Seo, Seung Yun Han, and Yung Choon Yoo In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the hot-water extract of Gryllus bimaculatus (HW-GB) on the inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrowderived macrophages (BMDM), and partially demonstrated the intracellular mechanisms related to the anti-inflammatory activity of HW-GB. Treatment with HW-GB significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS (an NO synthase) mRNAs prominently decreased after the HW-GB treatment. In addition, it was shown that HW-GB inhibited phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In the analysis of IL-1b production from BMDM stimulated with LPS+ATP, HW-BG significantly reduced IL-1b production in a dose-dependent manner through the downregulation of the expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain (ASC) molecules. In the confocal analysis, it was also observed that HW-GB inhibited co-localization of both NLRP3 and caspase-1, and NLRP3 and ASC in LPS+ATP-stimulated BMDM. Collectively, HW-GB has a strong anti-inflammatory activity and hence can be considered an effective functional food candidate for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related immune diseases.Key words :
, So-Young Lee, Eui-Seong Park, and Kun-Young Park This study examined for changes in the microbial population during kimchi fermentation by different salt content. Kimchi was prepared with varying salt contents, including 1.5% (1.5kimchi), 2.5% (2.5kimchi), and 3.5% (3.5kimchi), and subsequently subjected to fermentation without starters at 5°C for 4 weeks. The pH and acidity of the kimchi were determined during the fermentation. Decreasing salt concentration, resulted in rapid decrease in the pH and associated increase in acidity. The 2.5kimchi showed the best qualities of kimchi. Changes in the microbial community at the phylum, genus, and species levels of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were determined at the 3rd week of fermentation, by applying the 16s rRNA of NGS (next generation sequencing). High levels of the phylum Firmicutes were obtained in all three kimchi preparations (89.8%, 96.1%, and 75.0% in 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5kimchi, respectively). The highest levels of the heterofermentative LAB Leuconostoc and Weissella were found in 2.5kimchi, and lowest levels were detected in 3.5kimchi. The dominant species obtained in the 2.5kimchi were Leu. gelidum and Wei. koreensis, and higher levels of Lab. sakei were found in the kimchi samples (46.5%∼50.5%). Notably, the 3.5kimchi contained 22% Aer. funiformesms, which is not LAB. These results indicate that 2.5% salt content is the optimal salt concentration for kimchi fermentation.Key words :
, Sang Duk Yoon , Jieun Shin , Jihyun Kim, and Sang Hoon Lee The AI-based precision nutrition for health (PNH) or personalized nutrition for health (PNH) system as healthcare platform business is expanding due to the paradigm shift from disease treatment to prevention along with the development of related technology, big data and artificial intelligence (AI). In the Covid-19 era, we have learned that AI-based healthcare system is considered the first defensive line for population. The healthcare platform has good chance of success since its service is highly related to the national health promotion to prevent disease. However, to establish successful platform, we need more government support in such areas as a control tower for the database (DB) sharing and verification, investment on research infrastructure to build the clinical data for Koreans, and training for multidisciplinary experts. This review is the first report to emphasize the necessity of the AI-based PNH as healthcare platform. We suggest the future direction or research guidelines of healthcare platform development by considering merits and demerits of current healthcare systems in developed countries and proposing ways to improve them. Also, we prepare the future promising technology against fierce competition to build a DB sharing mechanism and to develop related contents and technologies.Key words :
and Gi-Hyung Ryu The purpose of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties of low-moisture meat analog (LMMA) and high-moisture meat analog (HMMA) at varying moisture content levels. The low-moisture extrusion conditions were moisture content of 25, 30, or 35%, barrel temperature of 150°C, and screw speed of 250 rpm. The high-moisture extrusion conditions were moisture content of 55, 60, 65, or 70%, barrel temperature of 160°C, and screw speed of 150 rpm. The integrity index, chewiness, and cutting strength decreased and water holding capacity, nitrogen solubility index (NSI), springiness, and cohesiveness of LMMA increased with increasing moisture content. The degree of texturization of LMMA increased at 25∼30% moisture content and decreased at 30∼35% moisture content. The integrity index, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and the degree of texturization of HMMA decreased and the NSI and cutting strength increased with increasing moisture content. HMMA had a higher integrity index, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, cutting strength, degree of texturization, and a lower NSI than LMMA. In conclusion, meat analog produced by the high-moisture extrusion process had a better fibrous structure compared to LMMA.Key words :
, Gyoo Taik Kwon, Yi Hyung Chung, Jong-Sang Yoo, Kyung-Hoon Cho, Young-Suk Kim, and Han Su Jang Insects are attracting worldwide attention as important future industrial resources. Insect farming attracts public attention for commercialization especially in Korea, partly because of government subsidies and also support based on the legislation of the so-called “insect industry law”. Insects have a high nutritional value and contain protein, amino acids, vitamin B, etc., and are suitable for animal feed following the natural food web. Currently, crickets and mealworms are the most widely utilized in this regard. In this study, we measured amino acid changes in fermented mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.). In addition, control, positive, and fermented mealworm (FM) diets were provided to BALB/c mice for 8 weeks. There was no change in dietary and body weight during the 8 weeks. The number of lactic acid bacteria in the intestines significantly increased in the FM group. There was no change in the total number of microbiota in each group nor was there any change in the general bacteria, E. coli, and E. coli form. These results suggest that fermented mealworm can be considered as a dietary prebiotic to improve the microbiota diversity of the human intestinal environment. However, further study for human application is necessary.Key words :
, Jeonghun Cho , Junghun Kim , Hye Jin Choi , Daseul Lee , Jong Nam Kim , Younghoon Kim , and Sangdon Ryu Kombucha is a fermented beverage that is made up of green tea and a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). Kombucha is well known for its high anti-oxidant activity, digestibility, and for its ability to prevent obesity. Our study used sugar as the primary substrate, and also used 5 secondary substrates (blueberry, pomegranate, zamboa, dried ginseng, omija) for secondary fermentation. We defined the microbiota in the SCOBY and measured the concentrations of many kinds of sugar, acids, and ethanol. Also, the antioxidant activity was measured by a DPPH assay, and the anti-inflammatory ability was measured by nitric oxide (NO) assay. The SCOBY identification process revealed the presence of Acetobacter spp., and yeasts such as Dekkera bruxellensis, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Bruxellensis spp. The pH level was between 2~4 after the first fermentation, and the high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the sucrose level decreased while the acetic acid level increased, which is presumed to be related to the fermentation process. The blueberry or dried ginseng- based secondary fermented kombucha showed a higher concentration of acetic acid than the other samples of secondary fermented kombucha. The results of the DPPH assay showed that sugar-primary fermented kombucha and sugar-dried ginseng kombucha had the highest antioxidant activity. In the NO assay, kombucha using zamboa and dried ginseng showed the best anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, this study confirmed the physiological characteristics of kombucha and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the type of substrate added during the production and secondary fermentation.Key words :
and Gi-Hyung Ryu This study aims to investigate the physicochemical and functional properties of promising plant-based proteins used for meat analogs processing. The plant-based proteins were isolated soy protein (ISP), gluten, pea proteins (Pea 1, 2) which are the different manufacturers, and isolated rice proteins (Rice 1, 2), and mung bean protein. The highest water absorption capacity (WAC) and oil absorption capacity (OAC) were observed in and pea protein (Pea 1), while the lowest WAC and OAC were seen in rice protein (Rice 2). Pea 1 had the highest emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsion stability (ES), whereas Rice 2 indicated in the lowest EA and ES. The highest nitrogen solubility index (NSI) was seen in ISP, while Rice 2 had the lowest NSI. Pea 1 had the higher NSI compare with Pea 2. Mung bean protein had the highest the antioxidant properties with DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content among the plant-based proteins. Pea 2 also had the higher antioxidant properties than Pea 1. Our study revealed that the kinds of plant-based proteins had the different physicochemical and functional properties, which could influence their quality characteristics of raw materials for meat analogs.Key words :
, Ji-Young Kim, and Seung-Min Lee With the recent development of early-morning delivery service, there has been an increase in the online ordering of fresh foods. We aimed to analyze the utilization status of an early-morning fresh food delivery service (MFFD) and corresponding dietary behavior-related consumer competencies (DBCC) and verify the impact of DBCC on purchase satisfaction and the repurchase intention for MFFD. Four hundred participants who used MFFD were surveyed. An office worker in his 30s or 40s with children and with an average monthly household income between 4 million won to 6 million won tended to use MFFD once a week. Participants differed in their DBCC depending on their age and the status of their children. Results showed higher food information utilization competency in participants in their 30s and 40s, higher healthy dietary competency in those in their 30s, and higher safe dietary competency in those in their 20s. Both healthy and safe dietary competencies were particularly higher in those with children. An analysis after adjustment for the presence of children and age demonstrated that the higher the food label utilization competency and safe dietary competency, the higher the purchasing satisfaction. Also the higher the food information utilization competency and healthy dietary competency, the higher the repurchase intention. Our findings may suggest that healthy dietary competency positively affects satisfaction for MFFD, leading to a higher intention to repurchase. Our study provides a basis for emphasizing DBCC in MFFD marketing and the direction of consumer DBCC-related education from the perspective of consumers, not food suppliers.Key words :
, Duri Kim , Ji-Yong Hyun , Hee-Jung Jin , Yun-Sang Choi , Jin-Ho Cho , Byoung Kon Lee , and Ji-Yeon Chun To study the domestic and foreign status of insects in animal feed, we summarized the productivity and possibility related to the utilization of insects as alternative protein feed in livestock production and aquaculture. Insects are reported to have high nutritional value and are rich source of proteins, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and fibers. In addition, they are low-cost and environmentally friendly, and can replace imported expensive resources such as fish and soybean meal. Furthermore, insects can be fed animal manure and food waste, including kitchen and agricultural waste, for breeding. These factors make insects an attractive source of animal feed. Since 2011, research on insects as products for animal feed increased rapidly but has recently shown a steady decline. However, the insect industry is steadily developing. Moreover, the ‘Control of Livestock and Fish Feed Act’ is being revised to revitalize the insect industry, and insect-based feed products are being released. This review will provide the current status of insects as an alternative resource in feed products, and ongoing research and projects. We will further discuss the prospect of the insect industry with these inputs.Key words :
, Kyung Ah Koo , Hye-Jin Kim, Ji-Min Kwon, Dong-Min Kang, Hye Jin Chung, Shin Woo Lee, Ho-Su Kim, Sang-Soo Kwak, and Mi-Jeong Ahn Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells were used to determine the intestinal epithelial monolayer membrane permeability of the anthocyanin and carotenoid extracts from the purple- and yellow-flashed sweet potatoes, respectively. The permeability was analyzed at concentrations of 10 mg/mL of anthocyanin extract and 0.5 mg/mL of carotenoid extract without cellular toxicity. The Caco-2 cells were incubated for 25 days to form a monolayer on the Transwell filter. It was ensured that the membrane integrity of the monolayer was suitable for measuring the permeability in vitro by treatment with lucifer yellow and comparison with two markers, atenolol and propranolol. The permeability of lucifer yellow was 0.53% and the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of atenolol and propranolol were 6.01×10-7 and 2.26×10-5 cm/s, respectively, indicating that the monolayer was successfully formed. The Papp of the anthocyanin extract was 0.31×10-6, 1.57×10-6, 4.69×10-6, and 5.16×10-6 cm/s for 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours, respectively. Analysis of the permeation rate on each of the twelve anthocyanins, 7 peonidins and 5 cyanidins in the extract showed that peonidins and cyanidins possessing caffeic acid present a higher permeability than those with ferulic acid or benzoic acid. However, cryptoxanthin, 13Z-β-carotene, all-trans-β-carotene, and 9Z-β-carotene in the carotenoid extract were not detectable within 6 hours of the incubation time.Key words :
, Eun Seong Shin, Yoo Min Park, Ayeong Ma, Hyelin Yang, ShinHye Kim, and Tai-Sun Shin Many studies have been conducted on the methods of collagen extraction from fish skin. However, the specific composition of the collagen has not been reported so far. This study aimed to identify components other than amino acids in collagen. Collagen was extracted from the skin of tilapia (Oreochroma niloticus), flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), and red sea bream (Pagrus major) using a commonly used acid extraction method. Thereafter, the component composition of collagen was confirmed. The yield of collagen was 1.11% from tilapia, 1.79% from red sea bream, and 2.06% from flounder. The protein content of all three samples, tilapia (85.39%), red sea bream (87.48%), and flounder (92.06%) collagen was over 85%. Analysis of the amino acid composition revealed that, glycine accounted for the highest proportion in all the samples of fish skin and collagen. The imino acid content was highest in the tilapia skin (151.1 residues) and collagen (210.7 residues). The triglyceride content in the of collagen was less than 0.7% in tilapia (0.37%), sea bream (0.61%), and flounder (0.31%). The major fatty acids in collagen were palmitic acid, stearic acid, and nervonic acid. Calcium in the fish skin accounted for the highest proportion of the mineral composition at 23.96∼466.84 mg/100 g, and the collagen contained a large amount of sodium 189.28∼1,433.52 mg/100 g. The collagen contained galactose, glucose, and mannose, and the galactose and glucose levels were three times higher than those of fish skin. Our study confirmed that the collagen extracted from fish skin contained lipids and minerals even though it was purified.Key words :
, Hoon Kim, Eun-Jin Jeong, Hyun-Gyeong Kim, Jung-Cheul Shin, Sang-Young Choi, Hyung Joo Suh, Sung-Kwon Moon, and Kwang-Won Yu A liquid culture was fermented using Phellinus linteus mycelium, and 5 fractions were isolated to evaluate the possibility of using them as postbiotic ingredients. The fractions isolated were: Hot-water extract (PL-HW) from whole liquid culture, crude polysaccharide (PL-CP) from PL-HW by ethanol (EtOH) precipitation, hot-water extract (PM-HW) from isolated mycelia, crude polysaccharide (PM-CP) from PM-HW, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) from culture supernatant by EtOH precipitation. Innate immunostimulating activity using the RAW 264.7 cell line showed that EPS induced the most effective production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide. In addition, adaptive immunostimulating activity using splenocytes isolated from C3H/HeN mice revealed that PL-HW, PM-HW, and EPS induced prominent splenocyte proliferation. Specifically, EPS stimulated the production of Th1-activated cytokines such as TNF-α and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in splenocytes, suggesting its effectiveness in cell-mediated adaptive immune activation. General chemical analysis showed that the immunostimulatory EPS was composed of neutral sugar (90.2%), uronic acid (6.1%), protein (1.2%), and polyphenols (2.5%). Component sugar analysis indicated that EPS was composed of a high proportion of glucose (94.9%), and small amounts of mannose (3.8%), galactose (0.9%), and glucuronic acid (0.4%). In conclusion, it was confirmed that glucan-type exopolysaccharide fractionated from the culture supernatant of the P. linteus mycelium can promote both innate and adaptive immune cell stimulation.Key words :
, Keono Kim, Keup-rae Kim, Jun Ho Kim, Donghui Lee, Siyong Kwon, Junsoo Lee, Keum-ll Jang, Byung Hee Kim, and Jeehye Sung In the Korean food composition database, there is a lack of reliable analytical data on vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin K2 (menaquinone). This study sought to investigate the phylloquinone and menaquinone contents of commonly consumed foods in Korea. The vitamin K content of the sample was determined by solvent extraction and enzyme extraction, followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection. The analytical method validation parameters, including quality control charts, a reference material, and precision, were determined to ensure the validity of the vitamin K analysis. A total of 46 key foods and 45 latest food consumption trends for commonly consumed Korean foods were selected based on dietary records. A relatively higher amount of vitamin K1 was found in plant-derived foods such as grilled seaweed (913.87 μg/100 g), Korean lettuce kimchi (228.23 μg/100 g), gom-chewi pickle (488.57 μg/100 g), leaf mustard kimchi (128.78 μg/100 g), and green laver (745.12 μg/100 g) compared to other foods. On the other hand, vitamin K2 was abundant in animal-based foods including gizzard (18.23 μg/100 g), boiled egg yolk (18.28 μg/100 g), grilled pork belly (127.29 μg/100 g), and beef rectum (14.79 μg/100 g). The present study provides reliable nutritional information for the development of a Korean food composition database.Key words :
, Min Ju Kim , Mi-Rae Shin , Seong-Soo Roh , Jung-Bok Lee , Ye hei Seo , Hyun Gyu Choi , and Hae-Jin Park This study was conducted to evaluate the protein quality of low-molecular weight water-soluble chicken breast powder (LWCP) by the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), which is a combination of the chemical score of the limiting amino acid multiplied by the true digestibility of the protein. The LWCP was hydrolyzed using by foodpro® alkaline protease for 4 hours at 55°C and was then further hydrolyzed with a combination of three enzymes (prozyme 2000P, bromelain, and papain) for 2 hours. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to measure the molecular weight distribution of the LWCP, isolated soy protein (ISP), and whey protein isolate (WPI). The protein quality of the LWCP was evaluated and compared with vegetable protein (ISP) and two animal proteins (WPI and casein). The protein quality was evaluated using a rodent bioassay of the protein digestibility and the amino acid composition of the LWCP was determined via high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Test diets were supplied for five days after an adaptation period of 4 days, to an animal model comprising 21∼28 days old SD rats with an average body weight of 70∼80 g. During the balance period, the nitrogen contents in the feces were assayed. As a result of estimating the weighted average molecular weight using GPC, the LWCP was observed to have a smaller value (Mw 675) than those of the ISP (Mw 995) and WPI (Mw 6,666). The protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio of the LWCP were 2.9 and 4.9, respectively. The PDCAAS value of the LWCP was 128.8% which was significantly higher than those of the ISP and WPI. These results suggest that LWCP appears to be a promising protein source with good biological values and digestibility.Key words :
, Gye Won Lee , Deuk Sang Kwon, Hyun Joong Shin, and Young Ho Cho In this study, black ginseng extract steamed six times at 95°C (BGE-A6) was evaluated for its antioxidant, anti-wrinkle, and skin moisturizing effects in human keratinocytes. When steamed six times at 95°C, the content of total ginsenosides including minor ginsenosides (Rg3, Rh4, Rk1, and Rg5) was the highest at 14.97 mg/g. The antioxidant properties of BGE-A6 were measured by using different in vitro antioxidant assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ABTS), and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of BGE-A6 was increased in a dose-dependent manner. A 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) assay and a western blot assay were performed to verify the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of BGE-A6 in H2O2-induced human keratinocytes. Pretreatment with 100 μg/mL of BGE-A6 inhibited intracellular ROS production by about 40%. Also, the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), very well-known as antioxidant enzymes, was increased by BGE-A6 in a dose-dependent manner. BGE-A6 was shown to significantly inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and increase the production of type I collagen, thus confirming its anti-wrinkle activity (P<0.05). Furthermore, BGE-A6 significantly increased the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and the expression of moisturizing proteins, such as hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS2) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3), indicating that it is effective in enhancing skin hydration. The results of this study suggest that BGE-A6 has potential for use as an effective compound in anti-aging cosmetics to address wrinkle formation and skin hydration.Key words :
, Sung Suk Chung , and Jeong Ok Rho This study investigated fruit consumption and the relationship between fruit intake and the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) in Korean adults. Data was collected from 5,703 adults aged 19 and above based on the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Participants were divided into fruit-consuming and non-fruit-consuming groups. The fruit intake rate showed significant differences by gender (PKey words :
, Dagyeong Kim , Youngmin Choi, and Younghwa Kim This study aimed at evaluating extraction methods of vitamin B2 based on temperature, enzyme treatment, sonication, and reflux extraction in various types of foods. The highest content of vitamin B2 was observed when the reflux extraction method was used at 75°C in six food groups. The accuracy and precision of the reflux extraction- high performance liquid chromatography analysis were good with high recovery and low relative standard deviation, which meet the guidelines of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Also, the limits of detection and quantification were 0.004 mg/100 g and 0.013 mg/100 g for riboflavin-5′-adenosyl diphosphate, 0.003 mg/100 g and 0.008 mg/100 g for riboflavin-5′-phosphate and 0.002 mg/100 g and 0.007 mg/100 g for riboflavin, respectively. The content of vitamin B2 in meat, seafood, and mushrooms was significantly higher using the reflux extraction method at 75°C and pepsin-assisted extraction. The content of vitamin B2 in legumes and cereals was significantly higher using the reflux extraction method at 75°C and takadiastase-assisted extraction. However, the enzyme treatment did not affect the vitamin B2 content in vegetables. Thus, enzyme-assisted extraction was effective in extracting vitamin B2 in high-protein and high-carbohydrate foods, including meat, seafood, legumes, cereals, and mushrooms. These results may be useful for providing reliable data about the vitamin B2 content in commonly consumed foods in Korea.Key words :
, Jeong-Hyeon Ahn , Dong-Shin Kim, Sang Suk Kim, Suk Man Park, Su Hyun Yun, Seung-Gab Han, and Hyun-Jin Kim Many new citrus varieties are developed to improve their quality, but the chemical profiles of their peels are rarely investigated. In this study, the peel metabolite profiles of 13 citrus varieties were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS) and their correlation with antioxidant activity was evaluated. Among the citrus peel metabolites, 30 flavonoids, including polymethoxyflavone (PMF), and vitamin C were identified. These flavonoids contributed to the difference between the 13 citrus peels, and their relative contents varied with each variety. Hesperidin, sinestin, nobiletin, tetramethoxyflavone derivatives, and tangeretin were identified as the major flavonoids in citrus peel, while rhoifolin, margaritene, isomargaritene, catharitcin, and fortunellin were detected only in Changshou kumquat. The correlation data between the metabolite profile and antioxidant activity indicated that didymin and some polymethoxyflavones had a positive correlation with antioxidant activity, while the flavonoids in Changshou kumquat had a negative correlation. Based on these data, the 13 citrus varieties were clustered into three groups: Changshou kumquat (cluster Ⅰ), Setoka and Kanpei (cluster Ⅱ), and other varieties (cluster Ⅲ). These results provide information on peel metabolites and their distribution according to citrus varieties. However, further studies on the beneficial effects of each metabolite and citrus peel are necessary.Key words :
, Sung Min Moon , Mi Jin Lee , and Chun Sung Kim The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular biological efficacy of aqueous extract of Anthriscus sylvestris leaves (AE-ASL) in alleviating inflammation and improving articular cartilage in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat experimental models with carrageen-induced paw edema and destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). In the carrageen-induced paw edema model, AE-ASL significantly inhibited the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the experimental groups (orally administered 50, 100, 200 mg/kg of body weight for weeks) compared to the control group (1% carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats). In the DMM, AE-ASL (50, 100, 200 mg/kg of body weight for 8 weeks) was orally administered daily and the normal and placebo groups were orally administered drinking water daily. AE-ASL significantly inhibited the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3, -13 (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13) and disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS-4) in the experimental groups compared to the groups administered drinking water. Moreover, it was confirmed at each serum level, that the amounts of aggrecan and collagen type II increased in the experimental group compared with the groups administered drinking water. Based on these results, it was confirmed that AE-ASL was effective in alleviating inflammation and improving joints in in vivo experiments. Taken together, the results suggest that AE-ASL may be used as a health functional food for the improvement of articular cartilage.Key words :
, Jun-Pyo Hong, Ha-Yeon Song, and Eui-Hong Byun Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (P. brevitarsis) larvae have traditionally been used in alternative medicine. Although various health benefits have been reported, the immunomodulatory effects of P. brevitarsis extract have so far been unknown. In this study, the immune-enhancing activities of P. brevitarsis larvae hot-water extract (PLW) were investigated using the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The PLW did not exert cytotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 1 to 200 μg/mL in RAW 264.7 cells. The treatment of PLW increased the production of nitric oxide and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] at doses of 100, 200 μg/mL in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, treatment with PLW (100, 200 μg/mL) led to the increase of surface molecules (cluster of differentiation; CD80/86 and major histocompatibility complex; MHC-class Ⅰ/Ⅱ) expression in RAW 264.7 cells. These immunomodulatory effects of PLW were mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 MAPK) phosphorylation and nuclear factor (NF)-κB translocation. In conclusion, these findings provide experimental evidence that PLW can be used as an immunity-enhancing nutraceutical ingredient.Key words :
Geun-Hye Hong , So-Young Lee, Eui-Seong Park, and Kun-Young Park
2021; 50(6): 648-653
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.6.648
So-Young Lee , Dong-Uk Shin, Seung Yong Kim, Ji-Eun Eom, Young-Do Nam, Hee-Soon Shin, Jeong-Eun Kim, and Yong-Ho Woo
2021; 50(9): 904-911
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.9.904
Sun A Choi , Sung Suk Chung , and Jeong Ok Rho
2021; 50(10): 1124-1136
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.10.1124
Bomi Park , So Yeon Kim, Young Nam Kim, Sung Don Yang, Wongyun Seo, Seung Yun Han, and Yung Choon Yoo
2022; 51(2): 115-124
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.2.115
Geun-Hye Hong , So-Young Lee, Eui-Seong Park, and Kun-Young Park
2021; 50(6): 648-653
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.6.648
Myoungsook Lee , Sang Duk Yoon , Jieun Shin , Jihyun Kim, and Sang Hoon Lee
2022; 51(9): 869-885
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.9.869
Print ISSN 1226-3311
Online ISSN 2288-5978
© Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. Powered by INFOrang Co., Ltd.
Full Text
PDF
Cite
Share
E-mail Alerts
Metrics
The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
