Effect of PR on viability of HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with PR at various concentrations for 24 h and the relative cell viability was assessed by EZ-cytox cell viability assay. Data are presented as the mean±SD of three independent experiments. Samples are the same as Table 1.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Protective effect of PR on against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with 1 mM H₂O₂ for 24 h after pre-treatment with or without PR for 1 h. After treatment, cell viability was assessed by EZ-cytox cell viability assay. Data are presented as the mean±SD of three independent experiments. ^#P<0.01 compared with the control (None) group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with the H₂O₂ treated group. ^≠P<0.05 compared with PRP and PRR of same parts. Samples are the same as Table 1.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Effect of PR on the generation of intracellular ROS levels in H₂O₂-treated HepG2 cells. (A) HepG2 cells were treated with 1 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min after pre-treatment with or without PR for 1 h. After staining with DCF-DA florescent dye, DCF fluorescence intensity was measured using a fluorescence microplate reader. Data are presented as the mean±SD of three independent experiments. ^#P<0.01 compared with the control (None) group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with the H₂O₂ treated group. ^≠P<0.05 compared with PRP and PRR of same parts. (B) HepG2 cells were treated with 1 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min after pre-treatment with or without 500 μg/mL PRAL and PRSL for 1 h. The fluorescent images were obtained by a fluorescence microscope (magnification 200×, scale bar 100 μm). These images are representative of at least three independent experiments. Samples are the same as Table 1.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Effect of PR on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in H₂O₂-treated HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with 1 mM H₂O₂ for 24 h after pre-treatment with or without 500 μg/mL PR for 1 h. After treatment, SOD activity was assessed by enzyme assay kit. Data are presented as the mean± SD of three independent experiments. Different letters (a-e) above the bars are significantly different at P<0.05. Samples are the same as Table 1.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Effect of PR on the catalase (CAT) activity in H₂O₂-treated HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with 1 mM H₂O₂ for 24 h after pre-treatment with or without 500 μg/mL PR for 1 h. After treatment, SOD activity was assessed by enzyme assay kit. Data are presented as the mean±SD of three independent experiments. Different letters (a-f) above the bars are significantly different at P<0.05. Samples are the same as Table 1.

Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2021;50:1~9 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.1.1